Looking at the transcript, it seems something is going wrong with ASDF-OUTPUT-LOCATIONS.
It looks like ASDF is trying to build a SYSTEM-WIDE lisp library into YOUR PERSONAL cache directory. This suggests that ASDF-OUTPUT-LOCATIONS is misconfigured. That said, I don't know enough about A-O-T or SBCL installations to give more detailed advice. Suggest looking into the ASDF manual parts that concern ASDF-OUTPUT-LOCATIONS.
I suspect SBCL is shipping with an A-O-T configuration that is wrong.
Best, r