If someone could give me some clues about how to debug this it would be great.
I'm trying to figure out why "it" fails to load a particular dylib under macOS. "it" meaning that I'm not sure who is actually failing, but I suspect it is actually a failure detected and reported by dlopen(3) itself, rather than something wrong in cffi.
The problem seems to be that loading libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib triggers a complaint about a library I have loaded from a different place, but the error message indicates a location I have not loaded my LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
Could it possibly be that libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib has a hard coded path in it pointing to /usr/local/lib ?
If someone could give me some clues about how to debug this it would be great.
I've set up my LD_LIBRARY_PATH so that it seems to be loading the correct libcairo.2.dylib from /usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.2.dylib. The reason I think this is because both vmmap (unix command line) and cffi::list-foreign-libraries (lisp) give compatible results.
sh> vmmap -w 16787 | grep dylib | sed -e 's/^.*SM=... //' | grep cairo /usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.14.6_1/lib/libcairo.2.dylib sh>
and CL-USER> (cffi::list-foreign-libraries) (... #<CFFI:FOREIGN-LIBRARY :LIBCAIRO #P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.dylib" (truename=#P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.2.dylib")>) CL-USER>
However, when I attempt to load libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib it complains that it cannot find a particular symbol in /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib. Why is it complaining about /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib?
Unable to load any of the alternatives: ("libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib" "libgdk-x11-2.0.dylib")
Attempting to load GDK::GDK from lib "libgdk-x11-2.0.dylib" (%LOAD-FOREIGN-LIBRARY GDK
/usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib) Unable to load foreign library (GDK::GDK). Error opening shared object "/usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib": dlopen(/usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib, 10): Symbol not found: _cairo_xlib_surface_create Referenced from: /usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib Expected in: /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib in /usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib.
Attempting to load GDK::GDK from lib "libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib" (%LOAD-FOREIGN-LIBRARY GDK
/usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib) Unable to load foreign library (GDK::GDK). Error opening shared object "/usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib": dlopen(/usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib, 10): Symbol not found: _cairo_xlib_surface_create Referenced from: /usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib Expected in: /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib in /usr/local/Cellar/gtk+/2.24.24/lib/libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib. [Condition of type CFFI:LOAD-FOREIGN-LIBRARY-ERROR]
On Tue, Sep 20, 2016 at 10:53 AM, Jim Newton jimka.issy@gmail.com wrote:
CL-USER> (cffi::list-foreign-libraries) (... #<CFFI:FOREIGN-LIBRARY :LIBCAIRO #P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.dylib" (truename=#P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.2.dylib")>) CL-USER>
However, when I attempt to load libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib it complains that it cannot find a particular symbol in /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib. Why is it complaining about /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib?
Most of those dylibs are symlinks and libgdk may depend on a name which exists in /usr/local/lib but not /usr/local/Cellar, maybe? ldd can tell you what a given dylib depends on.
Cheers,
Am 20.09.2016 um 15:32 schrieb Luís Oliveira luismbo@gmail.com:
On Tue, Sep 20, 2016 at 10:53 AM, Jim Newton jimka.issy@gmail.com wrote:
CL-USER> (cffi::list-foreign-libraries) (... #<CFFI:FOREIGN-LIBRARY :LIBCAIRO #P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.dylib" (truename=#P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.2.dylib")>) CL-USER>
However, when I attempt to load libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib it complains that it cannot find a particular symbol in /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib. Why is it complaining about /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib?
Most of those dylibs are symlinks and libgdk may depend on a name which exists in /usr/local/lib but not /usr/local/Cellar, maybe? ldd can tell you what a given dylib depends on.
As Jim is on macOS there is no ldd. The command to use is
otool -L /usr/local/lib//libcairo.dylib
Seeing that Jim uses homebrew to install Cairo it is worth mentioning that brew install … also generates (normally) an entry in /usr/local/lib . That is why I always stick to using /usr/local/lib/libxyz.dylib paths when I want to ensure a particular library to be loaded.
Best, Frank
Hi Frank, thanks for the information. If you always use /usr/local/lib then what do you do when you need to run two different independent applications which have different requirements?
On Tue, Sep 20, 2016 at 3:44 PM, Frank Goenninger frgo@me.com wrote:
Am 20.09.2016 um 15:32 schrieb Luís Oliveira luismbo@gmail.com:
On Tue, Sep 20, 2016 at 10:53 AM, Jim Newton jimka.issy@gmail.com
wrote:
CL-USER> (cffi::list-foreign-libraries) (... #<CFFI:FOREIGN-LIBRARY :LIBCAIRO #P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.dylib"
(truename=#P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.2.dylib")>)
CL-USER>
However, when I attempt to load libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib it complains
that it cannot find a particular symbol in /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib. Why is it complaining about /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib?
Most of those dylibs are symlinks and libgdk may depend on a name which exists in /usr/local/lib but not /usr/local/Cellar, maybe? ldd can tell you what a given dylib depends on.
As Jim is on macOS there is no ldd. The command to use is
otool -L /usr/local/lib//libcairo.dylib
Seeing that Jim uses homebrew to install Cairo it is worth mentioning that brew install … also generates (normally) an entry in /usr/local/lib . That is why I always stick to using /usr/local/lib/libxyz.dylib paths when I want to ensure a particular library to be loaded.
Best, Frank
Jim,
loading a specific version of a shared library requires two things:
a. Use absolute path to the library in the cffi lib spec b. Make sure the dependencies (see output of otool -L ) (the paths to the dependencies) are at the beginning of the paths set in the environment variable DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH.
Best Frank
-- Frank Gönninger DG1SBG Consequor Consulting AG
Am 20.09.2016 um 16:46 schrieb Jim Newton jimka.issy@gmail.com:
Hi Frank, thanks for the information. If you always use /usr/local/lib then what do you do when you need to run two different independent applications which have different requirements?
On Tue, Sep 20, 2016 at 3:44 PM, Frank Goenninger frgo@me.com wrote: Am 20.09.2016 um 15:32 schrieb Luís Oliveira luismbo@gmail.com:
On Tue, Sep 20, 2016 at 10:53 AM, Jim Newton jimka.issy@gmail.com wrote:
CL-USER> (cffi::list-foreign-libraries) (... #<CFFI:FOREIGN-LIBRARY :LIBCAIRO #P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.dylib" (truename=#P"/usr/local/Cellar/cairo/1.12.16_1/lib/libcairo.2.dylib")>) CL-USER>
However, when I attempt to load libgdk-x11-2.0.0.dylib it complains that it cannot find a particular symbol in /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib. Why is it complaining about /usr/local/lib/libcairo.dylib?
Most of those dylibs are symlinks and libgdk may depend on a name which exists in /usr/local/lib but not /usr/local/Cellar, maybe? ldd can tell you what a given dylib depends on.
As Jim is on macOS there is no ldd. The command to use is
otool -L /usr/local/lib//libcairo.dylib
Seeing that Jim uses homebrew to install Cairo it is worth mentioning that brew install … also generates (normally) an entry in /usr/local/lib . That is why I always stick to using /usr/local/lib/libxyz.dylib paths when I want to ensure a particular library to be loaded.
Best, Frank
-
Frank Goenninger -
Jim Newton -
Luís Oliveira