Update of /project/cl-gsl/cvsroot/cl-gsl/doc In directory common-lisp.net:/tmp/cvs-serv27528 Modified Files: constants.tex Log Message: tex4ht fixes. Date: Sun Mar 27 05:47:20 2005 Author: edenny Index: cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex diff -u cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex:1.1 cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex:1.2 --- cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex:1.1 Thu Mar 24 04:49:39 2005 +++ cl-gsl/doc/constants.tex Sun Mar 27 05:47:20 2005 @@ -1,25 +1,5 @@ -\documentclass{article} -\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} -\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} -\usepackage{tex4ht} - -\begin{document} - -\Css{.monobold { font-weight: bold; font-family: monospace;}} -\Css{.floatright { float: right;}} -\Css{.floatleft { float: left;}} -\Css{.floatclear { clear: both;}} - -\def\monobf#1{\ifHtml \HCode{<span class="monobold">} #1 - \else \textbf{\texttt{#1}} \fi - \ifHtml \HCode{</span>} \fi} - -\def\func#1#2{\ifHtml \HCode{<span class="floatright">} \fi - {[}Function{]} \ifHtml \HCode{</span><span class="floatleft">} \fi - \monobf{#1} \texttt{#2} - \ifHtml \HCode{</span> <div class="floatclear"> </div>} \fi} -\section*{38 Physical Constants} +\section{Physical Constants} This chapter describes macros for the values of physical constants, such as the speed of light, c, and gravitational constant, G. The @@ -36,351 +16,351 @@ the header files themselves for the values of the constants used in the library. -\subsection*{38.1 Fundamental Constants} +\subsection{Fundamental Constants} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-speed-of-light+] The speed of light in vacuum, c. +\item [\const{+mksa-speed-of-light+}] The speed of light in vacuum, c. -\item [+mksa-vacuum-permeability+] The permeability of free +\item [\const{+mksa-vacuum-permeability+}] The permeability of free space, \(\mu_0\). This constant is defined in the MKSA system only. -\item [+mksa-vacuum-permittivity+] The permittivity of free +\item [\const{+mksa-vacuum-permittivity+}] The permittivity of free space, \(\epsilon_0\). This constant is defined in the MKSA system only. -\item [+mksa-plancks-constant-h+] Planck's constant, h. +\item [\const{+mksa-plancks-constant-h+}] Planck's constant, h. -\item [+mksa-plancks-constant-hbar+] Planck's constant +\item [\const{+mksa-plancks-constant-hbar+}] Planck's constant divided by \(2\pi, \hbar\). -\item [+num-avogadro+] Avogadro's number, \(N_a\). +\item [\const{+num-avogadro+}] Avogadro's number, \(N_a\). -\item [+mksa-faraday+] The molar charge of 1 Faraday. +\item [\const{+mksa-faraday+}] The molar charge of 1 Faraday. -\item [+mksa-boltzmann+] The Boltzmann constant, k. +\item [\const{+mksa-boltzmann+}] The Boltzmann constant, k. -\item [+mksa-molar-mass+] The molar gas constant, \(R_0\). +\item [\const{+mksa-molar-mass+}] The molar gas constant, \(R_0\). -\item [+mksa-standard-gas-volume+] The standard gas volume, \(V_0\). +\item [\const{+mksa-standard-gas-volume+}] The standard gas volume, \(V_0\). -\item [+mksa-stefan-boltzmann-constant+] The Stefan-Boltzmann +\item [\const{+mksa-stefan-boltzmann-constant+}] The Stefan-Boltzmann radiation constant, \(\sigma\). -\item [+mksa-gauss+] The magnetic field of 1 Gauss. +\item [\const{+mksa-gauss+}] The magnetic field of 1 Gauss. -\item [+mksa-micro+] The length of 1 micron. +\item [\const{+mksa-micro+}] The length of 1 micron. -\item [+mksa-hectare+] The area of 1 hectare. +\item [\const{+mksa-hectare+}] The area of 1 hectare. -\item [+mksa-miles-per-hour+] The speed of 1 mile per hour. +\item [\const{+mksa-miles-per-hour+}] The speed of 1 mile per hour. -\item [+mksa-kilometers-per-hour+] The speed of 1 kilometer per hour. +\item [\const{+mksa-kilometers-per-hour+}] The speed of 1 kilometer per hour. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.2 Astronomy and Astrophysics} +\subsection{Astronomy and Astrophysics} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-astronomical-unit+] The length of 1 astronomical +\item [\const{+mksa-astronomical-unit+}] The length of 1 astronomical unit (mean earth-sun distance), au. -\item [+mksa-gravitational-constant+] The gravitational constant, +\item [\const{+mksa-gravitational-constant+}] The gravitational constant, G. -\item [+mksa-light-year+] The distance of 1 light-year, ly. +\item [\const{+mksa-light-year+}] The distance of 1 light-year, ly. -\item [+mksa-parsec+] The distance of 1 parsec, pc. +\item [\const{+mksa-parsec+}] The distance of 1 parsec, pc. -\item [+mksa-grav-accel+] The standard gravitational acceleration +\item [\const{+mksa-grav-accel+}] The standard gravitational acceleration on Earth, g. -\item [+mksa-solar-mass+] The mass of the Sun. +\item [\const{+mksa-solar-mass+}] The mass of the Sun. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.3 Atomic and Nuclear Physics} +\subsection{Atomic and Nuclear Physics} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-electron-charge+] The charge of the electron, e. +\item [\const{+mksa-electron-charge+}] The charge of the electron, e. -\item [+mksa-electron-volt+] The energy of 1 electron volt, eV. +\item [\const{+mksa-electron-volt+}] The energy of 1 electron volt, eV. -\item [+mksa-unified-atomic-mass+] The unified atomic mass, +\item [\const{+mksa-unified-atomic-mass+}] The unified atomic mass, amu. -\item [+mksa-mass-electron+] The mass of the electron, \(m_e\). +\item [\const{+mksa-mass-electron+}] The mass of the electron, \(m_e\). -\item [+mksa-mass-muon+] The mass of the muon, \(m_\mu\). +\item [\const{+mksa-mass-muon+}] The mass of the muon, \(m_\mu\). -\item [+mksa-mass-proton+] The mass of the proton, \(m_p\). +\item [\const{+mksa-mass-proton+}] The mass of the proton, \(m_p\). -\item [+mksa-mass-neutron+] The mass of the neutron, \(m_n\). +\item [\const{+mksa-mass-neutron+}] The mass of the neutron, \(m_n\). -\item [+num-fine-structure+] The electromagnetic fine structure +\item [\const{+num-fine-structure+}] The electromagnetic fine structure constant \(\alpha\). -\item [+mksa-rydberg+] The Rydberg constant, Ry, in units of +\item [\const{+mksa-rydberg+}] The Rydberg constant, Ry, in units of energy. This is related to the Rydberg inverse wavelength R by Ry = h c R. -\item [+mksa-bohr-radius+] The Bohr radius, \(a_0\). +\item [\const{+mksa-bohr-radius+}] The Bohr radius, \(a_0\). -\item [+mksa-angstrom+] The length of 1 angstrom. +\item [\const{+mksa-angstrom+}] The length of 1 angstrom. -\item [+mksa-barn+] The area of 1 barn. +\item [\const{+mksa-barn+}] The area of 1 barn. -\item [+mksa-bohr-magneton+] The Bohr Magneton, \(\mu_B\). +\item [\const{+mksa-bohr-magneton+}] The Bohr Magneton, \(\mu_B\). -\item [+mksa-nuclear-magneton+] The Nuclear Magneton, \(\mu_N\). +\item [\const{+mksa-nuclear-magneton+}] The Nuclear Magneton, \(\mu_N\). -\item [+mksa-electron-magnetic-moment+] The absolute value +\item [\const{+mksa-electron-magnetic-moment+}] The absolute value of the magnetic moment of the electron, \(\mu_e\). The physical magnetic moment of the electron is negative. -\item [+mksa-proton-magnetic-moment+] The magnetic moment of +\item [\const{+mksa-proton-magnetic-moment+}] The magnetic moment of the proton, \(\mu_p\). -\item [+mksa-thomson-cross-section+] The Thomson cross section, +\item [\const{+mksa-thomson-cross-section+}] The Thomson cross section, \(\sigma_T\). \end{description} -\subsection*{38.4 Measurement of Time} +\subsection{Measurement of Time} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-minute+] The number of seconds in 1 minute. +\item [\const{+mksa-minute+}] The number of seconds in 1 minute. -\item [+mksa-hour+] The number of seconds in 1 hour. +\item [\const{+mksa-hour+}] The number of seconds in 1 hour. -\item [+mksa-day+] The number of seconds in 1 day. +\item [\const{+mksa-day+}] The number of seconds in 1 day. -\item [+mksa-week+] The number of seconds in 1 week. +\item [\const{+mksa-week+}] The number of seconds in 1 week. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.5 Imperial Units} +\subsection{Imperial Units} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-inch+] The length of 1 inch. +\item [\const{+mksa-inch+}] The length of 1 inch. -\item [+mksa-foot+] The length of 1 foot. +\item [\const{+mksa-foot+}] The length of 1 foot. -\item [+mksa-yard+] The length of 1 yard. +\item [\const{+mksa-yard+}] The length of 1 yard. -\item [+mksa-mile+] The length of 1 mile. +\item [\const{+mksa-mile+}] The length of 1 mile. -\item [+mksa-mil+] The length of 1 mil (1/1000th of an inch). +\item [\const{+mksa-mil+}] The length of 1 mil (1/1000th of an inch). \end{description} -\subsection*{38.6 Nautical Units} +\subsection{Nautical Units} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-nautical-mile+] The length of 1 nautical mile. +\item [\const{+mksa-nautical-mile+}] The length of 1 nautical mile. -\item [+mksa-fathom+] The length of 1 fathom. +\item [\const{+mksa-fathom+}] The length of 1 fathom. -\item [+mksa-knot+] The speed of 1 knot. +\item [\const{+mksa-knot+}] The speed of 1 knot. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.7 Printers Units} +\subsection{Printers Units} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-point+] The length of 1 printer's point (1/72 inch). +\item [\const{+mksa-point+}] The length of 1 printer's point (1/72 inch). -\item [+mksa-texpoint+] The length of 1 \TeX{} point (1/72.27 inch). +\item [\const{+mksa-texpoint+}] The length of 1 \TeX{} point (1/72.27 inch). \end{description} -\subsection*{38.8 Volume} +\subsection{Volume} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-acre+] The area of 1 acre. +\item [\const{+mksa-acre+}] The area of 1 acre. -\item [+mksa-liter+] The volume of 1 liter. +\item [\const{+mksa-liter+}] The volume of 1 liter. -\item [+mksa-us-gallon+] The volume of 1 US gallon. +\item [\const{+mksa-us-gallon+}] The volume of 1 US gallon. -\item [+mksa-canadian-gallon+] The volume of 1 Canadian gallon. +\item [\const{+mksa-canadian-gallon+}] The volume of 1 Canadian gallon. -\item [+mksa-uk-gallon+] The volume of 1 UK gallon. +\item [\const{+mksa-uk-gallon+}] The volume of 1 UK gallon. -\item [+mksa-quart+] The volume of 1 quart. +\item [\const{+mksa-quart+}] The volume of 1 quart. -\item [+mksa-pint+] The volume of 1 pint. +\item [\const{+mksa-pint+}] The volume of 1 pint. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.9 Mass and Weight} +\subsection{Mass and Weight} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-pound-mass+] The mass of 1 pound. +\item [\const{+mksa-pound-mass+}] The mass of 1 pound. -\item [+mksa-ounce-mass+] The mass of 1 ounce. +\item [\const{+mksa-ounce-mass+}] The mass of 1 ounce. -\item [+mksa-ton+] The mass of 1 ton. +\item [\const{+mksa-ton+}] The mass of 1 ton. -\item [+mksa-metric-ton+] The mass of 1 metric ton (1000 kg). +\item [\const{+mksa-metric-ton+}] The mass of 1 metric ton (1000 kg). -\item [+mksa-uk-ton+] The mass of 1 UK ton. +\item [\const{+mksa-uk-ton+}] The mass of 1 UK ton. -\item [+mksa-troy-ounce+] The mass of 1 troy ounce. +\item [\const{+mksa-troy-ounce+}] The mass of 1 troy ounce. -\item [+mksa-carat+] The mass of 1 carat. +\item [\const{+mksa-carat+}] The mass of 1 carat. -\item [+mksa-gram-force+] The force of 1 gram weight. +\item [\const{+mksa-gram-force+}] The force of 1 gram weight. -\item [+mksa-pound-force+] The force of 1 pound weight. +\item [\const{+mksa-pound-force+}] The force of 1 pound weight. -\item [+mksa-kilopound-force+] The force of 1 kilopound weight. +\item [\const{+mksa-kilopound-force+}] The force of 1 kilopound weight. -\item [+mksa-poundal+] The force of 1 poundal. +\item [\const{+mksa-poundal+}] The force of 1 poundal. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.10 Thermal Energy and Power} +\subsection{Thermal Energy and Power} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-calorie+] The energy of 1 calorie. +\item [\const{+mksa-calorie+}] The energy of 1 calorie. -\item [+mksa-btu+] The energy of 1 British Thermal Unit, btu. +\item [\const{+mksa-btu+}] The energy of 1 British Thermal Unit, btu. -\item [+mksa-therm+] The energy of 1 Therm. +\item [\const{+mksa-therm+}] The energy of 1 Therm. -\item [+mksa-horsepower+] The power of 1 horsepower. +\item [\const{+mksa-horsepower+}] The power of 1 horsepower. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.11 Pressure} +\subsection{Pressure} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-bar+] The pressure of 1 bar. +\item [\const{+mksa-bar+}] The pressure of 1 bar. -\item [+mksa-std-atmosphere+] The pressure of 1 standard atmosphere. +\item [\const{+mksa-std-atmosphere+}] The pressure of 1 standard atmosphere. -\item [+mksa-torr+] The pressure of 1 torr. +\item [\const{+mksa-torr+}] The pressure of 1 torr. -\item [+mksa-meter-of-mercury+] The pressure of 1 meter of mercury. +\item [\const{+mksa-meter-of-mercury+}] The pressure of 1 meter of mercury. -\item [+mksa-inch-of-mercury+] The pressure of 1 inch of mercury. +\item [\const{+mksa-inch-of-mercury+}] The pressure of 1 inch of mercury. -\item [+mksa-inch-of-water+] The pressure of 1 inch of water. +\item [\const{+mksa-inch-of-water+}] The pressure of 1 inch of water. -\item [+mksa-psi+] The pressure of 1 pound per square inch. +\item [\const{+mksa-psi+}] The pressure of 1 pound per square inch. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.12 Viscosity} +\subsection{Viscosity} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-poise+] The dynamic viscosity of 1 poise. +\item [\const{+mksa-poise+}] The dynamic viscosity of 1 poise. -\item [+mksa-stokes+] The kinematic viscosity of 1 stokes. +\item [\const{+mksa-stokes+}] The kinematic viscosity of 1 stokes. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.13 Light and Illumination} +\subsection{Light and Illumination} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-stilb+] The luminance of 1 stilb. +\item [\const{+mksa-stilb+}] The luminance of 1 stilb. -\item [+mksa-lumen+] The luminous flux of 1 lumen. +\item [\const{+mksa-lumen+}] The luminous flux of 1 lumen. -\item [+mksa-lux+] The illuminance of 1 lux. +\item [\const{+mksa-lux+}] The illuminance of 1 lux. -\item [+mksa-phot+] The illuminance of 1 phot. +\item [\const{+mksa-phot+}] The illuminance of 1 phot. -\item [+mksa-footcandle+] The illuminance of 1 footcandle. +\item [\const{+mksa-footcandle+}] The illuminance of 1 footcandle. -\item [+mksa-lambert+] The luminance of 1 lambert. +\item [\const{+mksa-lambert+}] The luminance of 1 lambert. -\item [+mksa-footlambert+] The luminance of 1 footlambert. +\item [\const{+mksa-footlambert+}] The luminance of 1 footlambert. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.14 Radioactivity} +\subsection{Radioactivity} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-curie+] The activity of 1 curie. +\item [\const{+mksa-curie+}] The activity of 1 curie. -\item [+mksa-roentgen+] The exposure of 1 roentgen. +\item [\const{+mksa-roentgen+}]The exposure of 1 roentgen. -\item [+mksa-rad+] The absorbed dose of 1 rad. +\item [\const{+mksa-rad+}] The absorbed dose of 1 rad. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.15 Force and Energy} +\subsection{Force and Energy} \begin{description} -\item [+mksa-newton+] The SI unit of force, 1 Newton. +\item [\const{+mksa-newton+}] The SI unit of force, 1 Newton. -\item [+mksa-dyne+] The force of 1 Dyne = \(10^{-5}\) Newton. +\item [\const{+mksa-dyne+}] The force of 1 Dyne = \(10^{-5}\) Newton. -\item [+mksa-joule+] The SI unit of energy, 1 Joule. +\item [\const{+mksa-joule+}] The SI unit of energy, 1 Joule. -\item [+mksa-erg+] The energy 1 erg = \(10^{-7}\) Joule. +\item [\const{+mksa-erg+}] The energy 1 erg = \(10^{-7}\) Joule. \end{description} -\subsection*{38.16 Prefixes} +\subsection{Prefixes} These constants are dimensionless scaling factors. \begin{description} -\item [+num-yotta+] \(10^{24}\) +\item [\const{+num-yotta+}] \(10^{24}\) -\item [+num-zetta+] \(10^{21}\) +\item [\const{+num-zetta+}] \(10^{21}\) -\item [+num-exa+] \(10^{18}\) +\item [\const{+num-exa+}] \(10^{18}\) -\item [+num-peta+] \(10^{15}\) +\item [\const{+num-peta+}] \(10^{15}\) -\item [+num-tera+] \(10^{12}\) +\item [\const{+num-tera+}] \(10^{12}\) -\item [+num-giga+] \(10^{9}\) +\item [\const{+num-giga+}] \(10^{9}\) -\item [+num-mega+] \(10^{6}\) +\item [\const{+num-mega+}] \(10^{6}\) -\item [+num-kilo+] \(10^{3}\) +\item [\const{+num-kilo+}] \(10^{3}\) -\item [+num-milli+] \(10^{-3}\) +\item [\const{+num-milli+}] \(10^{-3}\) -\item [+num-micro+] \(10^{-6}\) +\item [\const{+num-micro+}] \(10^{-6}\) -\item [+num-nano+] \(10^{-9}\) +\item [\const{+num-nano+}] \(10^{-9}\) -\item [+num-pico+] \(10^{-12}\) +\item [\const{+num-pico+}] \(10^{-12}\) -\item [+num-femto+] \(10^{-15}\) +\item [\const{+num-femto+}] \(10^{-15}\) -\item [+num-atto+] \(10^{-18}\) +\item [\const{+num-atto+}] \(10^{-18}\) -\item [+num-zepto+] \(10^{-21}\) +\item [\const{+num-zepto+}] \(10^{-21}\) -\item [+num-yocto+] \(10^{-24}\) +\item [\const{+num-yocto+}] \(10^{-24}\) \end{description} -\subsection*{38.17 Examples} +\subsection{Examples} The following program demonstrates the use of the physical constants in a calculation. In this case, the goal is to calculate the range @@ -425,7 +405,7 @@ -\subsection*{38.18 References and Further Reading} +\subsection{References and Further Reading} Further information on the values of physical constants is available from the NIST website, @@ -433,6 +413,3 @@ \begin{itemize} \item http://www.physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html \end{itemize} - - -\end{document}