hi, here is a quick dummy example of what i intended to explain yesterday about handling context by explicitely threading a context parameter through your application: -- start -- (defun test () (let ((context '((condition-1 . yes)(condition-2 . no)(condition-3 . perhaps)))) (function-example-1 context 1 2))) (defun function-example-1 (context other-arg-1 other-arg-2) (let ((condition-1 (cdr (assoc 'condition-1 context))) (condition-2 (cdr (assoc 'condition-2 context)))) (function-example-1-with-context condition-1 condition-2 other-arg-1 other-arg-2))) (defmethod function-example-1-with-context (condition-1 condition-2 other-arg-1 other-arg-2) (declare (ignorable condition-1 conditon-2 other-arg-1 other-arg-2)) (error "not implemented context")) (defmethod function-example-1-with-context ((condition-1 (eql 'yes)) (condition-2 (eql 'no)) other-arg-1 other-arg-2) (declare (ignorable condition-1 conditon-2)) (format t "c1: yes c2: no arg1: ~A arg2: ~A~%" other-arg-1 other-arg-2)) (defmethod function-example-1-with-context ((condition-1 (eql 'yes)) (condition-2 (eql 'yes)) other-arg-1 other-arg-2) (declare (ignorable condition-1 conditon-2)) (format t "c1: yes c2: yes arg1: ~A arg2: ~A~%" other-arg-1 other-arg-2)) -- end -- [21]> (test) c1: yes c2: no arg1: 1 arg2: 2 as mentioned yesterday in the presentation often when you look at code that handles context you see a big if-then-else tree. this is very confusing and cannot be easily extended. in the above example you see no single if-then-else and it is additive in the sense that when you would like to add another combination of your predicates (conditions) you just add another defmethod. besides that, normally a program with context uses conditions/predicates to determine its actions. therefore i do not really see why the introduction of the concept 'layer' could help? i may be wrong, but in my current understanding a layer is just a name for a certain predicate combination, e.g. layer-1 := condition-1 == yes && condition-2 == no as you also see above with condition-3 (which is actually not used :) ) a predicate does not have to be binary, e.g. it is not restricted to the only values true and false. you can have even enumerated predicates like for example certain categories of screen size 'small := width 40 characters 'medium := width 80 characters 'big := width 120 characters 'large := more than 140 characters .... i decided to use an explicite parameter to the method called context and not a 'special' variable with dynamic scope. this has the disadvantage that you have to write the parameter in a lot of places (this is a one time disadvantage when you write the code), but it has the advantage that every function/method can be easily tested, because you explicitely hand in the context. i originally used the above technique in an embedded language (lisp plc programming environment : LPPE) where i had to output different 'machine code' instructions depending on the target hardware (not really but you can imagine it as: i386, ARM, alpha, ...) and depending on the element in the abstract syntax tree. therefore the methods take two (eql form) parameters, one is the target hardware type and one is the type of the AST-node. -- Christian Schuhegger http://www.el-chef.de/